Radio propagation explores how electromagnetic waves travel through space and interact with environments. This field is crucial for understanding wireless...
Radio propagation is the study of how electromagnetic waves travel from a transmitting antenna to a receiving antenna, interacting with the Earth's atmosphere and surface along the way.
Key factors include reflection, refraction, diffraction, scattering, and absorption by terrain, buildings, atmospheric conditions (rain, fog), and even ionospheric layers, all influencing signal strength and quality.
It's crucial for designing and optimizing all wireless communication systems, from mobile phones and Wi-Fi to broadcasting and radar, ensuring reliable signal coverage, minimizing interference, and maximizing data transmission efficiency.
Common types include ground wave (following Earth's curvature), sky wave (reflected by ionosphere), and line-of-sight (direct path, limited by obstructions), each suitable for different frequency ranges and distances.
Rain, fog, and humidity can absorb and scatter radio waves, especially at higher frequencies, leading to signal attenuation and reduced range. Temperature inversions can also create unusual signal 'ducting' effects.