Radiation oncology is a medical specialty using radiation therapy to treat cancer and certain benign diseases. It focuses on precisely delivering high-energy...
Radiation therapy uses high-energy particles or waves, such as X-rays, gamma rays, or protons, to destroy or damage cancer cells, preventing them from growing and dividing.
It works by damaging the DNA inside cancer cells. This damage either destroys the cancer cells directly or prevents them from reproducing, leading to tumor shrinkage.
The main types are External Beam Radiation Therapy (EBRT), delivered from a machine outside the body, and Brachytherapy, where radioactive sources are placed inside or very close to the tumor.
Side effects vary based on the treated area and dosage but can include fatigue, skin irritation, hair loss in the treatment field, and localized discomfort. Most are temporary.
The radiation treatment itself is not painful; patients do not feel anything during the radiation delivery. However, some may experience pain or discomfort later due to side effects.