What exactly is plasma?

Plasma is often called the "fourth state of matter." It's an ionized gas where enough energy has been supplied to free electrons from atoms or molecules, creating a mixture of free electrons and positively charged ions.

Where is plasma found naturally?

Plasma is the most abundant visible matter in the universe, making up stars (like our Sun), nebulae, and the interstellar medium. On Earth, natural plasma occurs in lightning, the aurora borealis, and flames.

How is plasma used in technology and industry?

Plasma technology is vital for semiconductor manufacturing, thin-film coatings, sterilization of medical equipment, neon signs, fluorescent lights, and advanced propulsion systems for spacecraft.

What is the role of plasma physics in fusion energy?

Plasma physics is fundamental to fusion energy research. Scientists aim to control extremely hot, dense plasma to replicate the nuclear fusion process that powers the Sun, offering a potential clean and abundant energy source.

What are some common types of plasma?

Plasma can range from hot, dense thermal plasmas (like those in stars or fusion reactors) to cold, low-density non-thermal plasmas used in industrial processes (like plasma TVs or fluorescent lamps).