What is the Insurrection Act?

The Insurrection Act is a U.S. federal law that empowers the President to deploy active-duty military personnel domestically to suppress civil disorder, rebellion, or to enforce federal law under specific circumstances.

When was the Insurrection Act first established?

The core provisions of the Insurrection Act originated in 1792, giving the President power to call forth the militia to suppress insurrections. It has been amended multiple times throughout history.

Under what conditions can the President invoke the Insurrection Act?

The President can invoke it when a state requests aid to quell an insurrection, or unilaterally when federal law is obstructed, constitutional rights are violated, or federal property is threatened and state authorities are unable or unwilling to act.

Has the Insurrection Act been used historically?

Yes, it has been invoked in several historical instances, including the Whiskey Rebellion (1794), during the Civil Rights Movement (e.g., Little Rock, 1957), and the Los Angeles riots (1992).

Does invoking the Insurrection Act require state consent?

Not always. While state request is one pathway, the President can invoke the Act unilaterally under certain circumstances, particularly when federal law or constitutional rights are being obstructed or violated.