Illegal mining, the unauthorized extraction of minerals, poses severe global challenges. This practice devastates environments through deforestation, water...
Illegal mining refers to the extraction of minerals without proper permits, licenses, or in violation of environmental, social, and labor laws. It operates outside government regulatory frameworks.
Key environmental impacts include widespread deforestation, severe water contamination (e.g., mercury, cyanide), soil erosion, land degradation, and significant biodiversity loss, often destroying sensitive ecosystems.
Communities suffer from health issues due to pollution, forced displacement, human rights abuses, increased crime, and conflict over resources, often exacerbating poverty and social instability.
Gold is the most common, followed by diamonds, coltan, tin, tungsten, and tantalum (often referred to as 'conflict minerals'), due to their high value and demand in global markets.
Efforts include stricter legislation, enhanced enforcement, satellite monitoring, rehabilitation programs, promoting responsible sourcing, and supporting alternative livelihoods for artisanal miners.