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A government's primary role is to establish and enforce laws, maintain public order, provide essential services, and protect the rights and welfare of its citizens within a defined territory.
Citizens participate through voting in elections, engaging in protests, contacting elected officials, volunteering, and serving on juries or local committees, thereby influencing policy and representation.
Typically, the main branches are the executive (implements laws), legislative (makes laws), and judicial (interprets laws), designed for a system of checks and balances.
Public policy refers to the system of laws, regulatory measures, courses of action, and funding priorities concerning a given topic promulgated by a governmental entity or its representatives to achieve specific societal goals.