What exactly are critical minerals?

Critical minerals are essential raw materials with high economic importance and a high risk of supply disruption. They are crucial for technologies like electric vehicles, renewable energy, defense, and electronics.

Why are critical minerals so important for the future?

They are indispensable for the global energy transition (e.g., batteries, solar panels, wind turbines) and advanced technologies, underpinning economic competitiveness, and national security strategies worldwide.

What are some common examples of critical minerals?

Key examples include lithium, cobalt, nickel, rare earth elements, graphite, and copper. Each plays a vital role in specific high-tech and clean energy applications.

What are the main challenges associated with critical mineral supply?

Challenges include concentrated supply chains (often dominated by a few countries), environmental impacts of mining, geopolitical competition for resources, and the need for new mining and recycling technologies.

How do critical minerals affect geopolitical relations?

Countries vie for secure access to these resources, leading to strategic partnerships, trade policies, and sometimes tensions, as nations seek to reduce reliance on single suppliers and bolster national security and economic resilience.