What exactly is a Coronal Mass Ejection (CME)?

A CME is a large expulsion of plasma and magnetic field from the Sun's outer atmosphere (corona), ejected into space at high speeds.

How often do Coronal Mass Ejections occur?

Their frequency varies with the Sun's solar cycle. During solar maximum, CMEs can occur several times a day; during solar minimum, only a few per week.

What are the potential impacts of a CME on Earth?

If directed towards Earth, CMEs can cause geomagnetic storms, leading to disruptions in power grids, satellite operations, GPS, and radio communications, while also enhancing auroral displays.

How do scientists detect and track CMEs?

CMEs are primarily observed by space-based coronagraphs, instruments that block the Sun's bright disk to reveal its faint corona and the ejected material.

What is the relationship between CMEs and 'space weather'?

CMEs are a primary driver of space weather, which describes the conditions in space that can affect Earth's environment and technological systems. Strong CMEs can cause severe space weather events.