The coal sector is a key global industry, covering coal extraction, processing, and distribution. It faces complex market forces, technological advancements,...
The main types are lignite, sub-bituminous, bituminous, and anthracite. They vary in carbon content, heat value, and moisture, with anthracite being the highest quality.
Globally, coal is predominantly used for electricity generation (thermal coal) and as a crucial component in steel and cement production (coking coal).
Key concerns include greenhouse gas emissions (CO2, methane) contributing to climate change, air pollution (sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides), and water pollution from mining activities.
'Clean coal technology' refers to various innovations designed to reduce the environmental impact of coal, such as carbon capture and storage (CCS), gasification, and advanced pollution control systems.