What are the main types of batteries being manufactured today?

Lithium-ion batteries are the most common, especially for electric vehicles and consumer electronics. Other significant types include lead-acid, nickel-metal hydride, and emerging solid-state battery technologies.

What raw materials are crucial for battery manufacturing?

Essential raw materials include lithium, cobalt, nickel, graphite, manganese, and various electrolytes and separators. Sourcing these materials sustainably is a major industry focus.

What are the key stages in the manufacturing process for lithium-ion batteries?

The primary stages involve electrode production (coating, drying, calendering), cell assembly (stacking or winding, electrolyte filling), and final formation, aging, and testing.

How is sustainability being addressed in battery manufacturing?

Sustainability efforts focus on responsible raw material sourcing, reducing energy consumption during production, improving battery recycling processes, and developing less environmentally impactful chemistries.