What are common reasons for airspace closure?

Airspace can be closed due to security threats (e.g., military operations, drone incidents), natural disasters (e.g., volcanic ash, hurricanes), major public events, technical failures, or public health emergencies.

How do airspace closures affect air travel?

Closures typically lead to flight cancellations, delays, re-routing, increased travel times, and higher operational costs for airlines, causing significant disruptions for passengers and cargo.

Who is responsible for declaring an airspace closure?

Decisions to close airspace are usually made by national aviation authorities (e.g., FAA, EASA) or air traffic control centers, often in consultation with government defense or security agencies.

How are airlines and passengers informed about closures?

Aviation authorities issue NOTAMs (Notice to Airmen) to airlines. Passengers are typically notified by their airline via email, SMS, or app updates, often with rebooking or refund options.