In India, the persistent challenge of anaemia, affecting over half of women and two-thirds of children, demands more than just iron supplementation. Research from the National Institute of Nutrition (NIN) indicates that merely increasing iron intake through supplements or fortified foods is often inadequate. The complex nature of anaemia in India is linked to poor diet quality, which deprives the body of other essential nutrients like Vitamin B12, folic acid, and Vitamin C, all crucial for haemoglobin synthesis. High infection loads and prevailing socioeconomic factors further exacerbate the issue by impeding iron absorption and utilisation. Furthermore, poor compliance with iron supplements, often due to side effects, remains a significant barrier to effective treatment. Against this backdrop, biofortified foods are emerging as a promising and sustainable complementary strategy. These crops, bred to contain higher levels of vital micronutrients like iron, zinc, and Vitamin A, can naturally enhance the nutritional content of staple diets without drastic changes in eating habits. Studies in India have demonstrated that consuming iron-biofortified pearl millet, for instance, significantly increases serum ferritin concentrations and total body iron, while also showing improvements in cognitive performance among schoolchildren. The Indian government, under initiatives like Poshan Abhiyaan, is actively promoting biofortification as a national priority to shift from mere food security to comprehensive nutrition security. While biofortification has shown efficacy in improving iron status, it is considered a complementary approach rather than a sole substitute for other interventions, and its long-term impact on anaemia reduction requires continued evaluation. A holistic strategy that combines dietary diversification, biofortification, targeted supplementation, improved hygiene, and addressing socioeconomic determinants is vital for effectively combating India's anaemia crisis.