A significant study by Imperial College London, published in *The Lancet*, reveals crucial insights into COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in England, indicating that most initial reluctance was based on concerns that could be effectively addressed. Analysing data from over 1.1 million individuals between January 2021 and March 2022, researchers found that almost two-thirds (65%) of those initially hesitant about receiving a COVID-19 vaccine eventually went on to get at least one dose. The study identified that the most common reasons for hesitancy were concerns regarding vaccine effectiveness and potential side effects. Critically, individuals citing these reasons were more likely to change their minds and get vaccinated, highlighting the impact of accessible and reliable information. Conversely, people whose hesitancy stemmed from a general anti-vaccine sentiment, a distrust of vaccine developers, or a perception of low personal risk from COVID-19, were significantly more resistant to vaccination. Vaccine hesitancy rates generally decreased over time, from an initial high of 8% in January 2021 to a low of 1.1% by early 2022, though a slight increase was observed during the Omicron wave. The research also shed light on demographic variations, noting that women and older adults were more likely to exhibit vaccine hesitancy. Women, for instance, were more concerned about fertility-related consequences, while older individuals sometimes harboured a general anti-vaccine stance. These findings underscore the importance of targeted and transparent communication strategies to build trust and address specific concerns, which is vital for the success of future vaccine rollouts globally, including in countries like India which also grappled with vaccine hesitancy.