Cervical cancer, primarily caused by persistent Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection, remains a significant public health challenge in India, with numerous reports indicating a concerning rise or persistently high burden of cases, despite the availability of effective treatments and preventive strategies. India accounts for a substantial portion of global cervical cancer cases and deaths, highlighting its critical impact on women's health in the country. The reasons behind this alarming trend are multifaceted. A primary contributor is the pervasive lack of awareness and education regarding cervical cancer, its risk factors (like HPV), and the importance of preventive measures such as vaccination and regular screening. National screening coverage in India remains exceptionally low, with only a small percentage of women undergoing recommended screenings, leading to a high proportion of cases being detected at advanced stages where treatment is less effective and survival rates are significantly lower. Furthermore, the uptake of the HPV vaccine, a highly effective tool for primary prevention, is hindered by cost, lack of information, and cultural taboos surrounding sexual health. Socio-economic disparities and an often inadequate healthcare infrastructure, particularly in rural areas, further restrict access to essential screening services and timely treatment. Cultural stigmas and hesitation to discuss reproductive health or seek gynaecological consultations also contribute to delayed diagnoses. While India offers comprehensive and economically accessible treatment pathways for cervical cancer, including surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy, the effectiveness of these treatments is drastically reduced in late-stage presentations. Addressing this challenge requires a concerted effort to enhance public awareness, expand screening programs, ensure equitable access to HPV vaccination, and overcome socio-cultural barriers to healthcare.