The US Supreme Court is expected to deliver a significant ruling today, January 9, 2026, on the legality of tariffs imposed by former President Donald Trump under the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (IEEPA). This ruling is highly anticipated, with lower federal courts having already determined that many of these tariffs exceeded presidential authority, traditionally reserved for Congress. However, even if the Supreme Court strikes down these specific IEEPA-based tariffs, a substantial portion of Indian exports will likely continue to face duties. This is because the US administration has other established trade laws at its disposal, such as Section 232 of the Trade Expansion Act of 1962 and Section 301 of the Trade Act of 1974, which allow for tariff imposition based on national security or unfair trade practices. The Supreme Court notably refused to hear a challenge to Section 232 tariffs on steel imports in March 2023, indicating these could persist. India has been significantly impacted by Trump's renewed tariff regime, which includes a steep 50% levy on a wide range of Indian goods. This includes a 25% 'reciprocal tariff' and an additional 25% penalty linked to India's continued purchase of Russian oil, a policy New Delhi defends as a strategic necessity. Reports indicate that approximately $48 billion in annual Indian shipments are now subject to these duties, rendering them uncompetitive. Specific sectors like textiles, garments, gems, jewelry, and leather have absorbed the heaviest blows, with orders worth hundreds of millions of dollars on hold and significant declines in exports. For instance, steel and aluminum derivatives, which saw annual shipments to the US worth $8.83 billion before the tariffs, have also been hit by the 50% duties. The headline's reference to $8.3 billion likely pertains to a segment of these enduring tariffs, such as those under Section 232, that would remain regardless of the IEEPA ruling. Indian exporters are actively diversifying markets, relocating production, and seeking government support to navigate these trade barriers.