A recent study employing ambient noise tomography has unveiled significant new insights into the complex geological processes occurring beneath the Banda Basin, specifically within its arc-continent collision zone. The research, which utilized data from broadband seismic instruments across Indonesia, Timor Leste, and Australia, generated detailed three-dimensional models of shear velocity in the crust and upper mantle. These models reveal substantial variations in shear velocity, with up to approximately 25% fluctuation observed across the plate boundary region. Prominent velocity anomalies are directly linked to the subducting oceanic lithosphere and the Australian continental lithosphere, as well as to obducted oceanic sediments that form the core of the island of Timor. The study confirms earlier inferences of pervasive crustal duplexing beneath Timor, linking these surface features to underlying structural elements in the lowermost crust and uppermost mantle that are driving upper crustal shortening. Furthermore, the tomographic images depict high-velocity structures in the Banda Terrane beneath the volcanic arcs of Flores, Wetar, and Alor, alongside a clear low-velocity anomaly at the transition zone where oceanic lithosphere gives way to continental lithosphere subduction. This comprehensive velocity model provides crucial constraints on the tectonic configuration of the Banda region, enhancing our understanding of the arc-continent collision's relationship to orogenesis. The research highlights the effectiveness of ambient noise tomography in unraveling intricate subsurface structures and tectonic dynamics in seismically active regions like Southeast Asia..