India faces an urgent and critical need for climate-resilient agriculture due to its profound vulnerability to the escalating impacts of climate change. The country is ranked among the most vulnerable globally, with nearly half of its districts classified as highly susceptible to climate risks, including erratic monsoons, droughts, floods, and extreme heatwaves. These climatic shifts directly threaten India's agricultural output, which is the primary source of livelihood for approximately 58% of its population and contributes significantly to the national economy. Small and marginal farmers, who often lack adequate resources and technology, are particularly hard-hit, facing reduced crop yields, increased production costs, and income losses, leading to heightened poverty and distress migration. Projections indicate severe consequences if adaptation measures are not scaled up. Without effective strategies, staple crop yields, such as wheat and rice, could decline significantly – by up to 40-50% in some scenarios due to rising temperatures. This poses a substantial threat to India's food security, especially with a growing population. The limitations of conventional, input-intensive farming methods further exacerbate the challenge, highlighting the imperative for sustainable and climate-smart practices. In response, the Indian government has launched several key initiatives to foster climate resilience in agriculture. Programs like the National Innovations in Climate Resilient Agriculture (NICRA), the National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture (NMSA), and schemes such as 'Per Drop More Crop' aim to enhance farmers' adaptive capacity through research, technology demonstration, improved water management, and the development of stress-tolerant crop varieties. These efforts also include promoting organic and natural farming, providing crop insurance, and developing district-level contingency plans. The overarching goal is to secure food production, stabilize farm incomes, and protect environmental sustainability in the face of intensifying climate stress.