New data from the European Renal Association (ERA) Registry highlights a sustained increase in kidney replacement therapy (KRT) incidence and prevalence across Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) between 2010 and 2021. This comprehensive analysis, the first of its kind for the region, drew data from 19 CEE countries. Researchers found that the overall KRT incidence, representing new cases, increased by an average of 1.5% annually from 106.3 per million population (pmp) in 2010 to 119.6 pmp in 2019. Even more pronounced was the rise in KRT prevalence, which grew by 5.1% annually, escalating from 426.2 pmp in 2010 to 651.2 pmp in 2019. Importantly, this surge in KRT prevalence was primarily attributed to an increase in kidney transplantation, suggesting improved long-term patient survival and greater transplant activity, rather than a sole expansion of dialysis services. While the regional trend points to an increase, the study revealed significant national variations. KRT incidence notably decreased in Bosnia and Herzegovina, remained stable in nine countries, and increased in eight others. Similarly, prevalence increased in nearly all countries, with Belarus being the only exception where rates remained stable. The findings also indicated that the COVID-19 pandemic did not significantly disrupt these established KRT trends in the region through 2021. These disparities within CEE are considerably greater than those observed in Western Europe, underscoring the ongoing inequalities in access to and delivery of renal care. The study's authors emphasize that these results are crucial for defining country-specific priorities to optimize kidney care and raise public awareness of kidney diseases in Central and Eastern Europe.