Nutritionists Advocate Balanced Diet to Combat Rising Lifestyle Diseases in India

Nutrition experts in India are strongly advocating for a shift towards balanced dietary practices as a critical measure to combat the alarming rise in lifestyle diseases, commonly known as non-communicable diseases (NCDs). These conditions, including heart disease, diabetes, hypertension, obesity, and certain cancers, are increasingly prevalent across the Indian subcontinent, posing a significant public health challenge. The urgency for this dietary intervention is underscored by a growing body of evidence that points to unhealthy eating habits as a primary driver of this health crisis. Research indicates that a substantial portion of India's disease burden is linked to diet, with unhealthy food choices contributing to over 56% of the total disease burden. A significant concern is the escalating consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPFs), which are often high in refined sugars, unhealthy fats, sodium, and additives, while being low in essential nutrients and fiber. Studies suggest that UPFs can negatively impact gut health, leading to inflammation and a cascade of health issues, including obesity, heart disease, and diabetes [3, 4, 5, 9, 10]. The convenience and widespread availability of these foods, often through quick commerce platforms, further fuel their consumption, especially in urban settings where sedentary lifestyles are also on the rise [4, 7]. A nationwide survey revealed that nearly half of India's population now reports cardiovascular and metabolic ailments, a considerable increase from a decade ago. In 2025, cardiovascular ailments were reported by 25.6% of surveyed individuals, up from 16.7% in 2017-18. Similarly, metabolic and endocrine disorders increased to 24.2% from 15%. These conditions are more prevalent in individuals over 45, strongly correlating with lifestyle factors [2, 6]. The overall burden of illness has also nearly doubled, with 13.1% of Indians reporting being ill in the preceding 15 days in 2025, up from 7.5% in 2017-18. Women reported higher illness rates than men [2, 6]. Compounding the issue of poor diet is the pervasive rise of sedentary lifestyles across India. Various studies highlight that a significant percentage of Indian adults, particularly women, do not meet the recommended levels of physical activity. This inactivity is attributed to increased screen time, urbanization, and changing work patterns [8, 16, 17, 19, 22]. The combination of unhealthy diets and a lack of physical activity is a potent recipe for the development of NCDs [8, 23]. In response to this escalating health crisis, nutrition experts are emphasizing the indispensable role of a balanced diet in both preventing and managing lifestyle diseases. A balanced diet, rich in whole grains, fresh fruits, vegetables, lean proteins, and healthy fats, is crucial for maintaining optimal bodily functions and bolstering the immune system [25, 28, 30]. Recommendations include reducing the intake of refined sugars, salt, and deep-fried foods, and incorporating traditional, nutrient-dense Indian foods like millets and dals [7]. Furthermore, the integration of nutrition science into medical practice is seen as vital. Health experts are calling for doctors and nutritionists to collaborate more closely to tackle NCDs effectively. This includes providing food-based dietary guidance and emphasizing the importance of nutrition education for patients [20]. The Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) has also released dietary guidelines to combat NCDs, highlighting that unhealthy diets contribute to over 56% of India's disease burden and recommending moderation in salt and fat intake, regular exercise, reduced sugar consumption, and avoidance of ultra-processed foods [24]. Public health interventions and policy changes are also being called for. Experts suggest implementing measures such as warning labels on UPFs and potentially higher taxes on these products to curb their consumption [5]. The focus needs to shift towards prevention, with at least 30 minutes of daily physical activity and a balanced diet being paramount [23]. In essence, the message from nutrition experts is clear: a conscious and sustained effort towards adopting a balanced diet, coupled with regular physical activity, is imperative for Indians to combat the growing epidemic of lifestyle diseases and ensure a healthier future.

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