Recent findings from global studies highlight the escalating public health crisis posed by liver disease, which is responsible for approximately two million deaths annually, constituting 4% of all worldwide fatalities. Approximately two-thirds of these liver-related deaths occur in men. The mortality is predominantly attributed to complications arising from cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Key etiologies contributing to cirrhosis globally include viral hepatitis, excessive alcohol consumption, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), now often referred to as metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). Analysis of global trends indicates a significant surge in age-standardized liver disease-related mortality rates across 112 countries between 1990 and 2021. This increase was particularly pronounced in low- and middle-income nations, African regions, and among populations aged 65 and older. Projections, however, anticipate a sustained decline in age-standardized mortality rates from 2021 to 2050 due to epidemiological shifts, though population aging and growth are expected to become primary contributors to the overall increase in deaths over the longer term (1990-2050). The COVID-19 pandemic further exacerbated these trends, with observed increases in chronic liver disease mortality, notably for alcohol-associated liver disease and NAFLD. This impact was particularly evident in younger demographics (25-44 years) and specific ethnic groups in the United States. Fatty liver disease (MASLD/NAFLD) affects an estimated one in five people in Sweden and up to one in four globally, significantly increasing overall mortality risk—not only from liver-specific complications but also from conditions like cancer and cardiovascular disease. The disease is strongly associated with obesity, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome. Emerging research also points to a 'striking' link between meal timing and NAFLD risk. Irregular eating patterns, such as skipping morning and midday meals or consuming a large percentage of calories late at night, are associated with a higher likelihood of developing fatty liver. For India, the burden of chronic liver disease is substantial and growing, with NAFLD affecting 9% to 32% of the general population and up to 25-30% of urban adults, closely linked to lifestyle changes, obesity, and metabolic syndrome. Recognizing this, India became the first country to integrate NAFLD into its National Programme for Prevention and Control of Non-Communicable Diseases in 2021.