An article published by MedPage Today on January 3, 2026, reviewed the broader spectrum of risks and rewards associated with GLP-1 receptor agonists that emerged during 2025. This retrospective piece highlighted an observational study from January 2025 involving nearly 2 million U.S. military veterans, which identified significantly decreased risks for 42 diverse health outcomes and increased risks for 19 others among adults with type 2 diabetes using GLP-1 agents. Key developments in 2025 included the American Medical Association's proposal for a dedicated registry to monitor adverse events related to these blockbuster drugs, although this registry had yet to materialize by early 2026. The European Medicines Agency also issued a warning in 2025 concerning semaglutide's potential link to non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION), a serious eye condition. Discussions also arose regarding a potential oral health issue dubbed 'Ozempic teeth,' possibly caused by dry mouth and frequent vomiting. Beyond established benefits for weight loss and type 2 diabetes management, GLP-1 agents showed promising effects in 2025 research. Studies indicated a reduced risk for neurocognitive disorders, including dementia and Alzheimer's disease, and lower risks for various substance use disorders, suicidal ideation, and certain psychiatric conditions. Further research in 2025 reported a lower risk for several types of fractures, obesity-related cancers, and overall cancer incidence among users. However, the expanded understanding also solidified existing concerns and identified new ones. Common gastrointestinal side effects like nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and constipation remained prevalent. More serious, albeit rare, risks included gallbladder issues, pancreatitis, acute kidney damage, and gastroparesis. Additionally, research in 2025 suggested a higher risk for new chronic cough among GLP-1 users. The comprehensive review underscores the complex and multifaceted impact of GLP-1 agents on patient health, necessitating ongoing vigilance and research into their long-term effects.