A significant cross-sectional analysis from the St. Jude Lifetime Cohort Study, featured by EMJ, indicates that adult survivors of childhood cancer often experience accelerated brain aging, leading to a measurable 'brain age gap' decades after their treatment. This research found that the estimated brain age of these survivors was, on average, about 6.6 years older than their actual chronological age, compared to a control group with no history of childhood cancer. The study, which encompassed 253 adult survivors and 43 community controls, utilized BrainAGE (brain age gap estimation) derived from whole-brain MRI scans, correlating these findings with comprehensive neurocognitive assessments. Crucially, the study established a direct link between this accelerated brain aging and diminished neurocognitive performance. Higher BrainAGE scores were consistently associated with poorer outcomes across several cognitive domains, including cognitive flexibility, processing speed, working memory, visual memory, vocabulary, and reading. The most pronounced declines were observed in cognitive flexibility and processing speed. The research further highlighted a correlation between prior cranial radiation therapy received during childhood cancer treatment and this accelerated brain aging, particularly noting that female survivors treated with high-dose cranial radiation before the age of 10 exhibited the most significant evidence of brain aging. This study's findings are corroborated by broader scientific understanding that various factors can contribute to accelerated brain aging and subsequent cognitive decline. For instance, type 2 diabetes has been shown to accelerate normal brain aging by approximately 26%, and depression in geriatric adults has also been linked to an older brain age gap predicting impaired cognitive performance. The European Medical Journal (EMJ) is a peer-reviewed, open-access journal aimed at providing medical professionals with educational content and insights, and it employs a rigorous peer-review process. While a 2003 study indicated some citation inaccuracies in EMJ, the current article reports on a well-sourced and independently verifiable study. This collective evidence underscores the global importance of monitoring the long-term neurocognitive health of cancer survivors and understanding the multifaceted influences on brain aging.