E-Region Ionosphere Formation: Theory and Low-Altitude Dynamics

This theoretical paper, available on the ESS Open Archive, investigates the formation mechanisms of the E-region layers in the Earth's ionosphere at lower altitudes. It delves into the processes of ionization, particularly by solar radiation, and the molecular composition influencing this atmospheric layer. The research contributes to understanding space weather and radio communication.

• E-region extends 90-160 km altitude, crucial for radio wave refraction.
• Ionization in E-layer primarily molecular, caused by solar X-rays and UV radiation.
• Electron density in E-layer rapidly diminishes after sunset due to recombination.
• Sporadic E (Es) layers form dense, thin patches, impacting radio communication.
• ESS Open Archive serves as a credible platform for early Earth and space science research.
• Ionospheric research is globally significant, impacting communication and navigation systems.

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